Enhancing Utilization of PV Energy in Building Microgrids via Autonomous Demand Response

This article investigates the autonomous demand response (ADR) in a building microgrid incorporating photovoltaic (PV) generation and plug-in electric vehicles. Two operation models are introduced this to enhance self-utilization of PV power: 1) mixed integer programming (MIP)-based optimization model; 2) game theoretic model. To avoid disadvantages MIP-based centralized decentralized approach, non-cooperative ADR framework is formulated based on proposed virtual cost mechanism for each player help selecting optimal consumption strategy coordinately. The existence unique Nash equilibrium which coincides with solution model proved. In addition, an iterative algorithm developed determine game. Simulation results verify that game-based program effective improving utilization energy benefits systems.